Between 1995 and 2008 approximately 1,232,900 more people had access to improved sanitation in rural areas. [139]:8 Electricity is available to 93% of the population. Fa Ngum was born into the royal family in Muang Sua, the capital of a small state ruled by King Souvanna Khampong. The area was originally settled because of the fertility of the surrounding alluvial plains, and Vientiane became the capital city of Laos around the mid 16th century. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). The nation's most important government buildings, ministries, departments and foreign embassies are located in Vientiane. The only legal political party is the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). [57], Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia, and it lies mostly between latitudes 14 and 23N (a small area is south of 14), and longitudes 100 and 108E. "Lao Refugees Return Home Under European Union Repatriation Program", Associated Press Worldstream, 22 11, 1994. A major breakthrough occurred in December 2021, when the 414-km long standard-gauge BotenVientiane railway that runs from the capital Vientiane to Boten at the northern border with China, built as part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, was opened. This sector has made significant contributions to the economic condition of Laos. Laos is a landlocked country located in the Indochinese Peninsula. [60] The country is one of four in the opium poppy growing region known as the "Golden Triangle". [112] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons. [65] "Last month, they the authorities told us they're going to . [94] Plans to resettle additional Hmong refugees in the United States were stalled by provisions of President George W. Bush's Patriot Act and Real ID Act, under which Hmong veterans of the Secret War, who fought on the side of the United States, are classified as terrorists because of their historical involvement in armed conflict. The king then secretly sent Prince Kindavong to represent Laos to the Allied forces and Prince Sisavang as representative to the Japanese. [184], Laos has no tradition in other team sports. Residents of Laos' capital Vientiane on October 16 witnessed the arrival of the first passenger high-speed train running on the new Laos-China railway line which will, after some test runs, come into full operation in December . [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. In 1950, the French were forced to give Laos semi-autonomy as an "associated state" within the French Union. [58] Laos had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.59/10, ranking it 98th globally out of 172 countries. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. Laos does not have a well-developed capital market, although government policies increasingly support the formation of capital and free flow of financial resources. 6, "Seventy Years of Anarchy", in. [123] Approximately 77% of Lao farm households are self-sufficient in rice. [citation needed], On 2 December 1975, after taking control of the country, the Pathet Lao government under Kaysone Phomvihane renamed the country as the Lao People's Democratic Republic and signed agreements giving Vietnam the right to station armed forces and to appoint advisers to assist in overseeing the country. The attack resulted in the RLA largely demobilising, leaving the conflict to irregular ethnic Hmong forces of the "Secret Army" backed by the United States and Thailand, and led by General Vang Pao. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. "Patuxai is a war monument in the centre of Vientiane, Laos, which was built between 1957 and 1968. The politically and culturally dominant Lao people make up 53.2% of the population, mostly in the lowlands. Vientiane Capital is the home to the most significant national monument in Laos: That Luang (Great Stupa), which is the symbol of Lao and an icon of Buddhism in Laos. Wat Sisaket, Luang, and Phra Keo are the three most . [135] The European Council on Trade and Tourism awarded the country the "World Best Tourist Destination" designation for 2013 for architecture and history.[136]. In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. Under the plan, refugee status was evaluated through a screening process. It was not until the arrival of the French in 1893 that the city was revived. [139]:19, The martial art of muay Lao, the national sport,[180] is a form of kickboxing similar to Thailand's muay Thai, Burmese Lethwei and Cambodian Pradal Serey. [24], An ancient human skull was recovered in 2009 from the Tam Pa Ling Cave in the Annamite Mountains in northern Laos; the skull is at least 46,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil found to date in Southeast Asia. Laos's strategies for development are based on generating electricity from rivers and selling the power to its neighbours, namely Thailand, China and Vietnam, as well as its initiative to become a "land-linked" nation, as evidenced by the construction of four new railways connecting Laos and neighbours. Buddha park in Vientiane, Laos. [19][20][21][22][23] In the Lao language, the country's name is Muang Lao () or Pathet Lao (), both of which literally mean 'Lao Country'. [63], Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). [47][46], Laos was a key part of the Vietnam War since parts of Laos were invaded and occupied by North Vietnam since 1958 for use as a supply route for its war against South Vietnam. Energy Efficiency Retrofitting of Buildings Challenges and Methods", Diller, Anthony; Edmondson, Jerry; Luo, Yongxian (2004). After the Pathet Lao took over the country in 1975, the conflict continued in isolated pockets. 15. Vientiane, Laos might seem sleepy and languid by Southeast Asia standards, but the Lao PDR capital might surprise you with its diversity of cuisine, quirky sights, friendly locals, and infectious sabai-sabai attitude. The city was destroyed, valuables and historical artifacts were looted, and the population fled. Population 6.7 million. Other Buddhist holy places are Wat Ong . The organisation estimates that there are 173,800 French speakers in Laos (2010 est.). Amnesty International raised concerns about the ratification record of the Lao government on human rights standards and its lack of co-operation with the UN human rights mechanisms and legislative measuresboth impact negatively upon human rights. The first Lao kingdom, called Lan Xang or "land of the million elephants," was founded by Fa Ngum in 1353. Political power is centralized in the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. [63] There is a distinct rainy season from May to October, followed by a dry season from November to April. Pr-histria. Patuxay, Vientiane Laos, Sunrise in the morning at at Patuxai. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. [152], Sixty-six percent of Laotians were Theravada Buddhist, 1.5 percent Christian, 0.1 percent Muslim, 0.1 percent Jewish, and 32.3 percent were other or traditional (mostly practitioners of Satsana Phi) in 2010. Nearly three-quarters of Laos is covered in mountains and forested hills that are too steep to live on. Government policies are determined by the party through the eleven-member Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the 61-member Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. [171], As of 2018, Laos has three theatres dedicated to showing films.[172]. The indigenous Khmers are believed to have been largely displaced or killed during the 11th and 12th centuries, when the Lao people entered the region. Laos Local Tour Company offers Laos tours, tailor made vacation packages travel services. It was built in 1556, when the capital was moved from Luang Prabang to Vientiene, and took 6 years to complete. It is a political term that includes the non-ethnic Lao groups within Laos and identifies them as "Laotian" because of their political citizenship. [50], In 1975 the Pathet Lao overthrew the royalist government, forcing King Savang Vatthana to abdicate on 2 December 1975. Laos is a part of the Southeast Asian region. [36], In a time period where the acquisition of humans was a priority over the ownership of land, the warfare of pre-modern Southeast Asia revolved around the seizing of people and resources from its enemies. The revised constitution of 11 May 1957 omitted reference to the French Union, though close educational, health and technical ties with the former colonial power persisted. The Tai-Kadai Languages, ":: Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.o.c. 3,920 square kilometres and is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the Thai border.Vientiane was the administrative capital . With an estimated population of 760,000 in 2015, the city is also the most populous in the nation. As a low-income country, Laos faces a brain-drain problem as many educated people migrate to developed countries. Vientiane, Laos - Jul 29, 1998: Tuk-tuk and Patuxai Triumphal arch in Lane Xang Avenue. [44] On 9 March 1945, a nationalist group declared Laos once more independent, with Luang Prabang as its capital, but on 7 April 1945 two battalions of Japanese troops occupied the city. Even the capital Vientiane feels like a relaxed riverfront town. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. Vientiane is the largest city with an area of 3,920km and the most populous in Laos with a population of 562,244. Laos (/los/ (listen)[9][d]), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao: ), is a socialist state and the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. [64] A new province, Xaisomboun province, was established on 13 December 2013. 4 min. Many elements of Lao culture predate Buddhism. Mountain/hill tribes of mixed ethno/cultural-linguistic heritage are found in northern Laos, which include the Lua and Khmu people who are indigenous to Laos. Laos is a Lao speaking country that does not border with any sea. settlement scattered around a Hindu temple. Capital: Vientiane. The country encompasses a total area of 237,955 square km and had a . 1 Vientiane the increasingly busy capital on the banks of the Mekong River; 2 Huay Xai in the north, on the Mekong and the border with Thailand; 3 Luang Namtha capital of the north, known for its trekking; 4 Luang Prabang a UNESCO World Heritage City known for its numerous temples, colonial era architecture, and vibrant night market; 5 Muang Xay also known as . [128] As of 2021, despite cheap hydro power available in the country, Laos continues to also rely on fossil fuels, coal in particular, in the domestic electricity production. The Patuxai, Vientiane Laos. ", "Evaluation Synthesis of Rice in Lao PDR", "Starting an Asian Cinema: Laos Past and Present", "Good Good Morning, Luang Prabang and hello to Laos's film industry", "Q&A with director Kim Mordaunt (The Rocket)", "A tale of revenge in Laos challenges censors", "Fantastic Fest 2013 Review: Chanthaly is A Haunting Portrait of Modern Day Laos", "Laos Selects 'Dearest Sister' as First Foreign-Language Oscar Submission", "Cannes: Southeast Asia Is Ready for Its Big-Screen Close-up", "Laos: Crony scheme in control of press and civil society", "Social Discrimination in the Lao People's Democratic Republic", "Muay Lao, the forgotten art of kickboxing", "Laos Stumbles on Path to Sporting Glory", Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), ASEANRepublic of Korea Commemorative Summit, Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, ASEANAustralia Development Cooperation Program, Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Assemble parlementaire de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopration Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laos&oldid=1142166912, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, States and territories established in 1949, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles with failed verification from January 2021, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2021, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 21:55. He later died under suspicious circumstances in a re-education camp. [59], In 1993 the Laos government set aside 21% of the nation's land area for habitat conservation preservation. Compared to the hectic, bustling capitals in other South . [27] Burial jars and other kinds of sepulchers suggest a complex society in which bronze objects appeared around 1500 BC, and iron tools were known from 700 BC. Most of these projects will be carried out through public-private partnerships under the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) model as the government is encouraging the private sector . Ninety-three percent of households have a telephone, either fixed line or mobile. Bangkok - Hanoi - Laos by Air 9 nights from $1,615*. "[81] Republicans called several Congressional hearings on alleged persecution of the Hmong in Laos in an apparent attempt to generate further support for their opposition to the Hmong's repatriation to Laos. The major roads connecting to urban centres, in particular Route 13, have been significantly upgraded in recent years. After talks with the UNHCR and the Thai government, Laos agreed to repatriate the 60,000 Lao refugees living in Thailand, including several thousand Hmong people. [70] Laos was admitted into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in July 1997 and acceded to the World Trade Organization in 2016. [101] On 25 September 2009, Laos ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, nine years after signing the treaty. However, only slightly more than half of the population speaks Lao natively. In the late 19th century, Luang Prabang was ransacked by the Chinese Black Flag Army. [138] Two new lines connecting with Vietnam, namely the VientianeVng ng and SavannakhetLao Bao railways, are also under planning, in line to meet the Laotian government's vision of becoming a land-linked nation. French is used in government and commerce, and Laos is a member of the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie. Theravada Buddhism is a dominant influence in Lao culture. Luang Prabang and Vat Phou are both UNESCO World Heritage sites. A man who lost land and property to the Laos-China railway project near the capital said he has yet to receive any promised money. The stupa is open from 8am-4pm daily (with a one hour break from 12-1) and costs 5,000 kip to enter the inside. "Laos agrees to voluntary repatriation of refugees in Thailand", U.P.I., 5 June 1991. King Sisavang Vong of Luang Phrabang became ruler of a unified Laos, and Vientiane once again became the capital. Lao Basics: An Introduction to the Lao Language. The Lao government has been working with the International Rice Research Institute of the Philippines to collect seed samples of each of the thousands of rice varieties found in Laos. The mountainous geography of Laos had impeded Laos's ground transportation development throughout the 20th century. [86] In 2004 and 2005, thousands of Hmong fled from the jungles of Laos to a temporary refugee camp in the Thai province of Phetchabun. The capital is Vientiane (Lao: Viangchan), located on the Mekong River in the northern portion of the country. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Policy Brief Series, No 7. Vientiane has been the capital since 16th century. According to the International Monetary Fund, as of 01.01.2020, they amounted to USD 1.128 million. When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. Pathet Lao held areas used Lao as their sole language and following the end of the Vietnam War, French began its sharp decline in Laos. Laos financed the remaining 30% with loans from . Laos's first French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union. [126] In addition, the country's plentiful water resources and mountainous terrain enable it to produce and export large quantities of hydroelectric energy. The capital of Laos is Vientiane. Pakse. [1] These earliest human migrants are Australo-Melanesians associated with the Hoabinhian cultureand have populated the highlands . . Vientiane, also spelled Viangchan, largest city and capital of Laos, situated on a plain just northeast of the Mekong River. Amongst them, 100,000 Hmongs30% of the entire Hmong populationand 90% of all of Lao intellectuals, specialists, and officials. Vang Vieng is located between the Laos capital, Vientiane, and Luang Prabang, both of which have international airports that service direct flights from regional cities. The Lao Securities Exchange (LSX) began operations in 2011 with two stocks listed, both state-owned - the Banque Pour l'CommerceExterieur (BCEL), and the power generation arm of . Since July, 2021 the United States has shared 2,908,440 safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine doses with the people of Laos - free of cost. [169][170] In September 2017, Laos submitted Dearest Sister (Lao: ), Mattie Do's second feature film, to the 90th Academy Awards (or the Oscars) for consideration for Best Foreign Language Film, marking the country's first submission for the Oscars. The sinh is a traditional garment worn by Lao women in daily life. Foreign enterprises must report on their performance annually and submit annual financial statements to MPI. The national carrier is Lao Airlines. [125], Laos is rich in mineral resources and imports petroleum and gas. Browse 13,220 laos capital stock photos and images available, or search for laos culture or thailand to find more great stock photos and pictures. Buddha Park, also known as Xieng Khuan, is a . According to the USCommittee for Refugees, he was arrested by Lao security forces and was never seen again. But around the 11th and 12th centuries, the Lao and Thai came from Southern China and overtook the area. In 1996 as the deadline for the closure of Thai refugee camps approached, and under mounting political pressure, the United States agreed to resettle Hmong refugees who passed a new screening process. Located on the banks of the Mekong River, Vientiane is a city steeped in legend and history. Lan Xang became an important trade centre during Samsenthai's reign, but after his death in 1421 it collapsed into warring factions for nearly a century. and Yurnaidi, Z., 2020. Laos is the only landlocked nation in Southeast Asia. From the river bank inland, the three main roads run parallel to the river, while the . Vientiane (/ v i n t i n / vee-EN-tee-AHN, French: ; Lao: , Viangchan, pronounced [ tn]) is the capital and largest city of Laos.Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. [85] Several thousand Hmong people, fearing forced repatriation to Laos if they were not accepted for resettlement in the United States, fled the camp to live elsewhere within Thailand where a sizeable Hmong population has been present since the 19th century. Capital: Vientiane. [156] Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.[157][158][159][160][161]. According to independent non-profit/non-governmental organisations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International,[104] Human Rights Watch,[105] and Civil Rights Defenders,[106] along with the US State Department,[107] serious human rights violations such as arbitrary detentions, disappearances, free speech restrictions, prison abuses and other violations are an ongoing problem. The National University of Laos, one of the country's three universities, is located in Vientiane. Lao Theung constitute about 30% of the population. The mining industry of Laos has received prominent attention with foreign direct investments. According to a Laotian epic, Vientiane was founded on the Mekong Rivers eastern banks by a prince named Thattaradtha. Vientiane is the largest city in Laos and functions as: Houses the Presidential Palace. [41] Under French rule, the Vietnamese were encouraged to migrate to Laos, which was seen by the French colonists as a rational solution to a labour shortage within the confines of an Indochina-wide colonial space. There are some public holidays, festivities and ceremonies in Laos. Cities []. Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications", "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", Politics in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Authority, Democracy and Political Change, Renovation in Vietnam since 1988 a study in political, economic and social change, "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity", "Mekong Divides Different Worlds In 'Golden Triangle', "Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia", "East Asia/Southeast Asia:: Laos The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "Laos promotes PM Thongloun as leader of communist party", "OEC Laos (LAO) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners", "Q+A What is the East Asia Summit all about? Em 2009, um antigo crnio foi encontrado em uma caverna nas montanhas Annamite, no norte do Laos. [47][46], In 1968, the PAVN launched a multi-division attack to help the Pathet Lao fight the RLA. 3, "Through Chaos to a New Order", in, Sanda Simms, ch. [62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. The main investor is Thailand. Vientiane Capital, the capital city of Lao PDR, is a small, relaxed city, located in the central of Laos. [163] The first feature-length film made after the monarchy was abolished is Gun Voice from the Plain of Jars, directed by Somchith Pholsena in 1983, although its release was prevented by a censorship board. (Lao: , pronounced Loo-ang pah-bang and also spelled Louangphrabang, is the former capital of Laos and a UNESCO World Heritage city. What Is the Capital of Laos? 500 BC - The Plain of Jars, one of the most important prehistoric sites in Southeast Asia, dates from between 500 BC and 500 AD. Giant Buddha Statue Plan Rankles Residents of Laos' Capital: Report. Under Vietnamese pressure, he rebelled against the Siamese in 1826. [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. [13] Because of its central geographical location in Southeast Asia, the kingdom became a hub for overland trade and became wealthy economically and culturally. Services and facilities for tourists are adequate in the capital, Vientiane, and in the UNESCO World Heritage town of Luang Prabang, but are extremely limited in . Giant Buddha Statue Plan Rankles Residents of Laos' Capital: Report By Sebastian Strangio A Chinese firm's plans to build a 100-meter-high Buddha statue in low-lying Vientiane encapsulate China . As the country opens up, with an increasing number of roads and bridges being built the tourist attractions are becoming more and more accessible. [49] Due to the particularly heavy impact of cluster bombs during this war, Laos was a strong advocate of the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ban the weapons and was host to the First Meeting of States Parties to the convention in November 2010. Between 20,000 and 62,000 Laotians died during the civil war. The Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong. 900-1300 AD - Most of Laos is subordinate to the Khmer Empire at Angkor. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. [38] France rescued King Oun Kham and added Luang Phrabang to the protectorate of French Indochina. Of the almost $6 billion cost for the China-Laos railway, the Chinese government will pay 70 percent. His ministers, unable to tolerate his ruthlessness, forced him into exile to the present-day Thai province of Nan in 1373,[31] where he died. Major religion Buddhism. [141] Laos's predominantly rural[142] population makes investing in sanitation difficult. 400 AD - Theravada Buddhism was introduced to Laos. Mapcarta, the open map. [87], Lending further support to earlier claims that the government of Laos was persecuting the Hmong, filmmaker Rebecca Sommer documented first-hand accounts in her documentary, Hunted Like Animals,[88] and in a comprehensive report that includes summaries of refugee claims and was submitted to the UN in May 2006. Take more wonderful experiences in this Mystery . [104], In October 1999, 30 young people were arrested for attempting to display posters calling for peaceful economic, political and social change in Laos. [19] In English, the 's' is pronounced, and not silent. French is also used in public works in central and southern Laos and Luang Prabang and is a language of diplomacy and of the elite classes, higher professions and elders. [102][103], However, the government of Laos frequently breaches its own constitution and the rule of law, since the judiciary and judges are appointed by the ruling communist party. [130] According to the Global Hunger Index (2018), Laos ranks as the 36th hungriest nation in the world out of the list of the 52 nations with the worst hunger situation(s). He describes his experience in the Lao capital in fine detail, making the minutiae come alive. [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. [69] Trade relations with the United States were normalised in November 2004 through Congress approved legislation. Theravada Buddhism has coexisted peacefully since its introduction to the country with the local polytheism. [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. 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