This decision had helped catalyse the Kashmir genocide's bloody 1990s chapter. WebThe Kashmiri Pandit exodus remains the biggest instance of ethnic cleansing of a community 1989, the Central Government completely lost its authority in JK. The targeted killings of Kashmiri Pandits have continued. At the time of the carnage, People's Democratic Party (PDP) leader Mufti Sayeed was the chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir, while an Atal Bihar Vajpayee-led BJP government was at the Centre. She write read more, Copyright 2023 The Indian Express [P] Ltd. All Rights Reserved, Why Haryana sarpanches are protesting against e-tenders for infra works, Rupert Murdoch testifies Fox anchors endorsed claims of Biden stealing 2020 polls: What he said, significance. "Terrorists and jihadis began committing atrocities on all Pandits and Sikhs," he said, adding "The V P Singh government was then running with the support of the BJP.". Join us to create the encyclopedia of Indian history Copyright2021 All Rights Reserved by Historical India, Since late 1989, the Indian State of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) has been in the grip of a vicious movement of Islamist extremist terrorism. Threats from Islamist militants in the Valley forced around 70,000 Pandit families comprising over 350,000 women, men, and children to flee their homes in the weeks and months that followed. The Chief Minister Farooq Abdullah In agreement with the Central government accepted their demands and freed the jailed terrorists. A majority of the Pandit refugees still live in refugee camps with spiralling health and economic problems. The migrants included some Pandits, although it is possible that some of this community relocated for economic reasons as much as to escape the new rulers. It laid down measures for the integration of Jammu and Kashmir to India, ensuring that it will continue to be governed under Article 370 of the Constitution, which gave the state an autonomous status as a constituent of India. The mass exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits began. In the decades since the Pandit exodus, Kashmir has seen immense bloodshed. The communal violence of April 2022 was more the norm than the exception in the city of Khambhat. [28], They began to leave in much greater numbers in the 1990s during the eruption of militancy, following persecution and threats by radical Islamists and militants. Enjoy an ad lite experience on TOI+. There is little incentive for us to return to the Valley, says the Pandit teacher, drawing attention to the insecurity, lack of economic development and job prospects in Kashmir. I don't see why they won't pull up a Kashmiri Muslim/Pandit from their car or check their house if they suspect anything. Consequently, riots broke out in Jammu and Kashmir. [23], D.L. [24][25][26], The Kashmiri Pandits had been a favoured section of the population of the valley during Dogra rule (18461947). [48] Many Orders, Circulars and recommendations have been issued for relief of Kashmiri Pandits. It is high time that drastic measures are taken to redress the situation," he said. Around 9 PM, loud and thunderous Islamic and pro-Pakistan slogans raised collectively by a multitude of humanity and relayed through powerful loudspeakers almost pierced ear drums. [20][21] It was during the 14th century that the Kashmiri Pandits likely split into their three subcastes: Guru/Bchabat (priests), Jotish (astrologers), and Krkun (who were historically mainly employed by the government). An estimated 100,000 Kashmiri Pandits have reportedly fled the Valley. [55], According to the 1941 census, there were 78,800 Kashmiri Pandits in the Kashmir Valley. The Kashmiri Muslim view of the exodus is that he encouraged the Pandits to leave the Valley and thus gave a communal colour to what was until then a non-religious Kashmiri cause. Chinese military sources can tell us exactly what the PLA is learning. Some built new homes and or moved into rented places. Kashmiri Pandits are Hindu Kashmiris native to the Kashmir Valley, and the only remaining Hindu Kashmiris after the large-scale of conversion of the Valley's population to Islam during the medieval times. openlibrary.org, One of the many camps of Kashmiri Pandit refugees who fled Kashmir Valley during 1990 genocide. [69], Kshemendra's detailed records from the eleventh century describe many items of which the precise nature is unknown. Should it provide these Pandit settlements in the Valley with tight security, people would be keen to return home, he adds. However, Zulju was probably not a Muslim. The 1989 capitulation to the JKLF in the kidnapping of Mufti Sayeeds daughter set the stage for the next decade. A Kashmiri Pandit fact-checks The Kashmir Files In an EXCLUSIVE interview to SabrangIndia's Karuna John, KPSS Chief Sanjay Tickoo recalls events as they truly unfolded and not as they have been depicted in the movie 22 Mar 2022 Asia, Southeast kashmiri pandit man Latest Breaking News, Pictures, Videos, and Special Reports from The Economic Times. "These terrorists played a role in genocide.nation wants to know," he said. Yearly Plan. The killings of innocent natives and ethnic cleansing of the Kashmiri Pandits must be seen in the context of the deeper intent to secure the secession of Jammu and Kashmir. At the minimum level, these terms would include security to life and property and, at a broader level, a consensual rehabilitation scheme.[ref]. Register to create an account, unlock various features at every User Access Level and enjoy the perks of being our Certified Editor. Another cause was communal hatred that was being fuelled by the authorities of Pakistan, hate speeches were being made to incite the people of Kashmir and to encourage them to [49][50][51], The Jammu And Kashmir Migrant Immovable Property (Preservation, Protection And Restraint on Distress Sales) Act, 1997, provides that "Any person who is an unauthorised occupant or recipient of any usufruct of any immovable property of the migrant shall pay to the migrant such compensation for the period of unauthorised occupation and in such a manner as may be determined by the District Magistrate. The published threat, however, came nearly three months after one of the darkest nights in Jammu and Kashmir 19 January 1990 observed as the Exodus Day by the Kashmiri Hindu community. They blame the then-Jammu and Kashmir governor, Jagmohan, for the Pandit exodus. ad lite Experience $ 19.99 $ 19.99 /year. WebGet latest News Information, Articles on Kashmiri Pandit Atm Guard Updated on July 26, 2022 14:19 with exclusive Pictures, photos & videos on Kashmiri Pandit Atm Guard at Latestly.com - Page 2 for Us, opposition to such Pandit-only settlements. Politician Mirwaiz Farooq of the All Jammu and Kashmir Awami Action Committee was shot dead by a militant of the Hizbul Mujahideen in 1990. Despite international sanctions, shipments of aviation fuel continue to reach the country, according to a new report. The true story behind Rani Mukherjees latest film Mrs Chatterjee vs Nor How Rohingya issue reached ICJ, what its ruling means for Myanmar, ExplainSpeaking | How to read Q3 growth data. As per the estimates, 650 Pandits were killed during this time. Many Pandits celebrated the Indian government move as they believe it will pave the way for their return to the Valley. With the completion of fifth year of their forced exile, this peace loving, culturally rich community with a history of more than 5000 years, is fighting a grim battle to save itself from becoming extinct as a distinct race and culture. V. P. Singh appointed Jagmohan as Governor on 19 January 1990. They believe that Kashmiri Muslims, with whom they had lived amicably for centuries, drove them out with a vengeance in a frenzy of Islamism that they could not have imagined even months earlier. It appears to have archaic features that suggest it is the oldest form of Kashmiri folk singing. The flight continued until 2000. kashmiri pandit man Blogs, Comments and Archive News on Economictimes.com What did the government of India do when Kashmiri Pundits were driven away from their homes in Kashmir? Why didt they prevent it? Because they did (Or if they're ordered by the regime to create intentional tension/chaos. Dr. Sudha Ramachandran is an independent journalist/researcher based in Bangalore, India. More than 400,000 Kashmiri Pandits[ref], constituting 99% of the total population of Hindus living in Muslim majority area of the Kashmir Valley, were forcibly pushed out of the Valley by Muslim terrorists, trained in Pakistan, since the end of 1989 and forced to live the life of exiles in their own country, by unleashing a systematic campaign of terror, murder, loot and arson. The fleeing Pandits did not think they would never return to the Valley. However, Farooq Abdullah's first stint as chief minister was short-lived; he was deseated after an Indira Gandhi-led political coup in 1984. The year 1984 also saw another crucial event that contributed significantly to the rise of separatist insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir: the hanging Maqbool Bhat, JKLF co-founder and a pioneer of the secessionist movement. In the decades since the Pandit exodus, Kashmir has seen immense bloodshed. Many scholars and media houses have compared the genocide with that of Holocaust. Lalitaditya's predecessor, Ranaditya, is said to have built the first sun temple. The KPSS has placed the number of Kashmiri Pandits killed by militants from 1990 to 2011 at 399, the majority during A township of two-room tenements called Jagti was built in Jammu in the last decade to house 4,000-5,000 Pandit families who remained there. The Pandits have rejected rehabilitation proposals to Valley several times, indicating that they were not willing to become cannon-fodder for politicians who cannot guarantee their security. Read | Kashmiri Pandits observe Holocaust Day to mark 30 years of mass exodus from Valley. He announced that if they chose to stay back, he would not be able to guarantee their safety. WebSrinagar: The latest killing of a Kashmiri Pandit in Pulwama district has revived the climate of insecurity and fear in the Valley, and allegations that the Jammu and Kashmir administration has failed to protect the minority Hindu community. In Anantnag, the constituency of then Congress leader Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, there was a series of attacks on Hindu temples, and shops and properties of Kashmiri Pandits, blamed on separatist and secessionists. Indian forces are specially ordered to keep high surveillance on Kashmir and Kashmiris. However, Kashmiri political parties and separatist organisations as well as Pandit groups have come out in strong opposition to such Pandit-only settlements. She writes on South Asian political and security issues. The crimes committed against the Kashmiri Pandits are, by any yardstick, deserving of the strongest condemnation and there can be no gainsaying the acute What happened in January 1990 is bitterly contested. However, these offers have failed to elicit much of a response. In 1989, Neelkanth Ganjoo, the judge who had sentenced the JLKF's Maqbool Bhat to death, was killed in a market near the Srinagar High Court in broad daylight. We will go back on our own terms," Kashmiri Samiti president Sunil Shakdher said in August 2002 in response to the then Farooq Abdullah regimes proposed rehabilitation agenda. In Jammus Jagti migrant camp, where at least 20,000 migrant Kashmiri Pandits live, the residents have been protesting for the past 146 days. Citizens of Jammu took to the streets to protest the erection of the masjid on the secretariat premises. "There has been continuing lack of engagement by the government of India with the community. It was replaced by Urdu in 1889 during the Dogra rule. 4000+ stories. WebMaybe. Gen. Li Shangfu, with deep ties to Chinas military space enterprises, is widely expected to become Chinas next minister of defense. The 19th of January, 2020 marks the 30th anniversary of the exodus of Kashmiri Hindus from the valley. The KPSS has placed the number of Kashmiri Pandits killed by militants from 1990 to 2011 at 399, the majority during 1989-90. What do we know about him? The Genocide of Kashmiri Hindus who are also called Kashmiri Pandits, was seventh ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Pandits by radical Islamists in Kashmir Valley around 1990. Indian forces are specially ordered to keep high surveillance on Kashmir and Kashmiris. Surinder Kaul, Co-founder of GKPD, said that Kashmiri Pandits' genocide is continuing even today and every death is bringing the community closer to extinction. The longing to return to the Valley did not diminish over the years, though it may have become more an idea than a real ambition. On May 12, a gunman walked into a government office in central Kashmirs Chadoora town. Best of 2022: The Kashmir Files, a narrative set against the backdrop of militancy, has been held up as the truth of Kashmir by its director. Kashmiri Muslims disagree. The texts also refer to both sexes using cosmetics, and to the women adopting elaborate hairstyles. WebMaybe. A day after a Kashmiri Pandit's killing in Pulwama, the Bharatiya Janta Party on Monday held protests at several places in Kashmir. The LG administration and the central government are primarily concerned with addressing security problems. They have not done so because the situation in the Valley remains unstable and they fear a risk to their lives. 22 Mar 2022. View, About What was the UN event representatives of Kailasa attended? WebThe Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus, or Pandits, is their early-1990 migration, or flight, from the Muslim-majority Kashmir valley in Indian-administered Kashmir following rising violence in an insurgency.Of a total Pandit population of 120,000140,000 some 90,000100,000 left the valley or felt compelled to leave, and about 30 were killed. [33] The nature of the planned exodus has remain controversial, with the involvement of then Governor Jagmohan in organising a clandestine exodus been a subject of controversy. According to a J&K government report, 219 members of the community had been killed in the region between 1989 and 2004 but none thereafter. Congress was in opposition during Kashmir Pandit exodus: Madhya Pradesh ex-CM Digvijaya Singh Waiting for the triple product launch & spec reveal by OnePlus on 28th April? The majority of Kashmiri Brahmins are Krkuns, and this is likely due to the conversion of the majority of Kashmiris to Islam, which led to a decrease in demand for Hindu priests, which led most Kashmiri Brahmins to seek secular employment. The rigged election of 1987 after which Abdullah formed the government was a turning point at which militants took the upper hand. A day after a Kashmiri Pandit's killing in Pulwama, the Bharatiya Janta Party on Monday held protests at several places in Kashmir. This article is protected. This list included the Kashmiri Pandits, the Nagar Brahmins from Gujarat; the South Indian Brahmins; the Punjabi Khatris, and Kayasthas from northern India; Chitpawans and CKPs (Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhus) from Maharashtra; the Probasi and the Bhadralok Bengalis; the Parsis and the upper crusts of Muslim and Christian communities. Leaders of Jammu and Kashmir knew earlier what was going to happen within few weeks. [71], There are many references to the wearing of jewellery by both sexes, but a significant omission from them is any record of the dejihor worn on the ear by women today as a symbol of their being married. Get briefed on the story of the week, and developing stories to watch across the Asia-Pacific. The Kashmiri Muslims were instructed to identify Pandit homes so they could be systematically targeted for conversion or killing. Harmukh is traditionally revered by Kashmiri Pandits and in 2009 there was an attempt by them to revive pilgrimages to the site. With the Indian government revoking Article 370 of the constitution in August 2019, Jammu and Kashmir has been deprived of its special status of limited autonomy. After the initial reaction of shock and awe, I messaged my friend, saying, This is not surprising. The two events the flight of the Pandits and the Gawkadal massacre took place within 48 hours, but for years, neither community could accept the pain of the other, and in some ways, still cannot, as each continues to talk past the other. He also demanded that a probe be conducted to ascertain on whose orders a total of 70 terrorists were released in Jammu and Kashmir in 1989. According to an article by The Hindu, Kashmiri Pandits living at the Mattan transit colony in Anantnag have claimed that over 80 per cent of the families left for Jammu since June 1, 2022. [68], The Kashmiri Pandits festivals include Shivratri (or Herath in the Kashmiri language) which is one of the major festivals of Kashmiri Pandits. On January 20, the first stream began leaving the Valley with hastily packed belongings in whatever transport they could find. In another incident of violence on 25 January, a week into the Janata Dal governor's rule, 4 Indian Air Force (IAF) officers were gunned down while 40 personnel were injured in a militant attack at a bus stop in Rawalpora. There is an acute realisation in the community that the Valley is no longer the same that they left behind in 1990. As many as 75,343 Kashmiri Pandits are estimated to have fled in January 1990, with about 70,000 more following till March, as per the Kashmiri Pandit Sangharsh Samiti. He respected the learning of these Pandits, to whom he gave land as well as encouraging those who had left to return. Black Day: January 19 is observed as the Holocaust day by the Kashmiri Pandit community. Militancy was gathering momentum and anti-India sentiments were running strong. WebNew Delhi: Recalling the dreadful images and horrors of the years that followed post the advent of militancy in Kashmir, Kashmiri Pandits urged the Central government to 'relocate' them to their native lands with respect and dignity and called for unity amongst the 'Kashmiri Pandits'. They have now become refugees in their own country. The debate surrounding the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits has been reignited following the release of a film on it -- 'The Kashmir Files'. For instance, it suggests that a threat asking Kashmiri Pandits to leave the Valley was issued in Al-Safa before the exodus, thereby contributing to the forced migration. I don't see why they won't pull up a Kashmiri Muslim/Pandit from their car or check their house if they suspect anything. The Indian Express website has been rated GREEN for its credibility and trustworthiness by Newsguard, a global service that rates news sources for their journalistic standards. The crimes committed against the Kashmiri Pandits are, by any yardstick, deserving of the strongest condemnation and there can be no gainsaying the acute With tensions peaking, hundreds of Pandit families began their journey out of the Valley. [47], There are zones set up with offices for relief. But theres just as much, if not more, tracking in the virtual world.". [60] By 1950, their population declined to 5 per cent as many Pandits moved to other parts of India due to the uncompensated land redistribution policy, the unsettled nature of Kashmir's accession to India and the threat of economic and social decline. It is an undeniable fact that the same sentiments that led to the ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Hindus are very much alive and thriving today. A migrant Pandit, named K.L Koul, says that the Pandits were told that the government has plans of killing one lakh Kashmiri Muslims in order to overcome the uprising against India. Although the pro-independence Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) said the two men were killed because of their ties with the Indian state rather than their Pandit identity, the Pandits were not convinced. In 1988, militants assassinated one of the top BJP leaders of the Valley, Tika Lal Taploo, in front of several eyewitnesses. Even today Waves of panic hit the community, especially after a local newspaper published an anonymous message, allegedly from the Hizb-ul Mujahideen, asking Pandits to leave. The exodus took place at the same time that the BJP was upping the ante across northern India, and over the years, the plight of Kashmiri Pandits has become a potent Hindutva issue. Indeed, Kashmiri Muslims have borne the brunt of the violence unleashed by Pakistan-backed militants and Indian security forces. "Kashmiri Pandits responsible for duress against Muslims should leave the Valley within two days," read a headline of a local Urdu newspaper, Al-Safa, on 14 April 1990. Agnihotri's rendition of the exodus, which claims that it is "based on true stories," however, makes a few glaring deviations from the facts known about the genocide of Kashmiri Pandits. [9][60] Click here to subscribe for full access. The first such killing of a Kashmiri Pandit leader set the tone of what was to follow. [72], Henzae is an ancient traditional form of singing practised by Kashmiri Pandits at their festivals. The Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits Ghulam Mohammad Shah came into power after snatching the position from his brother-in-law Farooq Abdullah and became What It Said, S Jaishankar's "Firm" Reply To UK Minister Who Raised BBC Tax Row: Sources, Tunisha Sharma Case: In-Camera Hearing Allowed On Sheezan Khan's Bail Plea, Protests Break Out Over Alleged Army Custodial Death In Jammu And Kashmir, 'Fear UP Cops Will Kill Me': Gangster-Politician Goes To Supreme Court, Cabinet Okays Signing Of Contract With L&T For 3 Cadet Training Ships, Traffic Hit In Delhi Ahead Of G20 Foreign Ministers Meet, Rahul Gandhi Talks About The "Art Of Listening" At Cambridge University, This website follows the DNPA Code of Ethics. The Kashmiri Pandits (also known as Kashmiri Brahmins)[7] are a group of Kashmiri Hindus and a part of the larger Saraswat Brahmin community of India. [75], The Kashmiri Pandits are divided into three subcastes: Guru/Bchabat (priests), Jotish (astrologers), and Krkun (who were historically mainly employed by the government). [30] Other authors have suggested a higher figure for the exodus, ranging from the entire population of over 150,000,[31] to 190,000 of a total Pandit population of 200,000,[32] to a number as high as 800,000. People of india indian govt just stood watching kps haunted down killed and forced into exile. It were saffron communals people like RSS VHP BAJRAN But local politicians said the situation was far from normal, and The Kashmiri Pandit community decided to leave. But within two years, the Centre broke up the NC, and installed dissident Ghulam Mohammed Shah as Chief Minister. immediately after Independence in 1947. Sanjay Tickoo, a Kashmiri Pandit was barely 20-years-old in 1989-90, when he witnessed what came to be known as the "Kashmiri Pandit Exodus". Ripples of the move were seen in Kashmir as well. Matters came to a head on January 19. A powerful anti-India militancy rattled the Indian state. WebSrinagar: The latest killing of a Kashmiri Pandit in Pulwama district has revived the climate of insecurity and fear in the Valley, and allegations that the Jammu and Kashmir administration has failed to protect the minority Hindu community. The 19th of January, 2020 marks the 30th anniversary of the exodus of Kashmiri Hindus from the valley. One of the deadliest attacks on Kashmiri Pandits in the Valley took place in 2003, more than a decade after the peak of the exodus. As chief minister Shivraj Singh Chouhanwatched the film with his cabinet colleagues and the state BJPtop brass at a drive-in theatre in the state capital on Wednesday, Digvijaya tweeted, The exodus of Kashmiri Pandits occurred when Congress was in Opposition. By then, the Pandits had begun to be targeted. Speaking truth to power requires allies like you. Armed militants, dressed in army fatigues, infiltrated a colony of Kashmiri Pandits in Pulwama's Nadimarg on 23 March 2003. Pandits have generally been in favor of Kashmirs closer integration with India. [54] Ikkjutt Jammu, a political party in Jammu and Kashmir, advocates for two Union Territories in Kashmir, one being Panun Kashmir for Kashmiri Hindus. Those who had means rebuilt their lives elsewhere in the country Delhi, Pune, Mumbai and Ahmedabad have Pandit populations, also Jaipur and Lucknow or went abroad. Rubaiya was the daughter of Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, then the Home minister of India in the Janata Dal government led by V. P. Singh. It is high time that drastic measures are taken to redress the situation," he said. According to scholar Christopher Snedden, the Pandits made up about 6 per cent of the Valley's population in 1947. Pandits were given a choice: convert to Islam, leave the Valley, or perish. In 1986, as opposition to the Shah government grew, Rajiv Gandhi resurrected Farooq Abdullah, who became CM once again. China is drawing lessons from Russias invasion of Ukraine. Subscribe To Our Daily Newsletter And Get News Delivered Straight To Your Inbox. (At The Quint, we are answerable only to our audience. WebBoth BJP and Congress enjoyed the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits because 1) they never cared about people 2) it was actually helping them to secure their vote bank. Without going into the complexities of power, politics, hatred, vendetta, agendas, and political priorities, I would like to opine that the governm The Jammu & Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) stepped up its activities, and the hanging of the militant leader Maqbool Bhat in 1984 added to the sense of foreboding. On January 21, the CRPF gunned down 160 Kashmiri Muslim protesters at the Gawkadal Bridge, which has come to be known as the worst massacre in the long history of the conflict in Kashmir. Pandits are apprehensive that they will be targeted by Islamists if they return home. It sent shock waves through the Pandit community. These organisations are involved in rehabilitation of the community in the valley through peace negotiations, mobilisation of human rights groups and job creation for the Pandits. But that life of tranquility which they remember so fondly doesnt exist anymore in Kashmir. More importantly, Pandit youth are doing well materially and professionally in cities outside Kashmir. And the Prime Minister has said that the truth is coming out. Asia, Central The Valleys BJP leader Tika Lal Taploo was shot dead on September 13. BJP leader Subramanian Swamy on Saturday said it was not the then chief minister Farooq Abdullah, but the then prime minister VP Singh and his home minister Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, that were responsible for the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits from the Valley. 650 Pandits were given a choice: convert to Islam, leave Valley. 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'The Kashmir Files ' houses have compared the genocide with that of Holocaust issues..., Circulars and recommendations have been issued for relief whom he gave land as well refugees in their country... For full Access pave the way for their return to the women adopting elaborate hairstyles these Pandits to... Pandits central government during kashmiri pandit exodus up About 6 per cent of the violence unleashed by Pakistan-backed and...